The medical field employs various sterilization methods to eliminate microorganisms and ensure high levels of cleanliness and safety for medical equipment and supplies. Here are some common sterilization techniques used:
- Steam Sterilization (Autoclaving): This method uses saturated steam under pressure to kill microorganisms. It’s effective for heat-resistant materials like metal instruments and glassware.
- Ethylene Oxide (ETO) Sterilization: ETO gas is used for items sensitive to heat and moisture. It’s effective but requires proper aeration after sterilization.
- Dry Heat Sterilization: High temperatures are used to sterilize materials, suitable for items that may be damaged by moisture or steam.
- Chemical Sterilization: Liquid or gas chemicals, like hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, are used to eliminate microorganisms. It’s common for heat and moisture-sensitive items.
- Radiation Sterilization: Ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, damages microorganisms’ DNA. It’s used for single-use medical devices and pharmaceuticals.
- Filtration: Liquids or gases are passed through a filter to trap microorganisms. It’s used for heat-sensitive substances like pharmaceuticals.
Each method has its advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on factors like the type of items to be sterilized and regulatory requirements. Following guidelines and instructions is crucial for effective sterilization.
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